ActiveRecord::Base.transaction 使用此异常来区分刻意回滚和其他异常情况。通常，引发异常会导致 .transaction 方法回滚数据库事务并将异常传递下去。但是，如果您引发一个 ActiveRecord::Rollback 异常，那么数据库事务将被回滚，而不会将异常传递下去。

例如，您可以在控制器中执行此操作来回滚事务

class BooksController < ActionController::Base
  def create
    Book.transaction do
      book = Book.new(params[:book])
      book.save!
      if today_is_friday?
        # The system must fail on Friday so that our support department
        # won't be out of job. We silently rollback this transaction
        # without telling the user.
        raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
      end
    end
    # ActiveRecord::Rollback is the only exception that won't be passed on
    # by ActiveRecord::Base.transaction, so this line will still be reached
    # even on Friday.
    redirect_to root_url
  end
end