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Active Support Time With Zone

一个类似时间的类,可以表示任何时区的时间。这是必需的,因为标准的 Ruby Time 实例仅限于 UTC 和系统 ENV['TZ'] 时区。

您永远不需要直接通过 new 创建 TimeWithZone 实例。而是使用 localparseatnow 方法在 TimeZone 实例上调用,并在 TimeDateTime 实例上调用 in_time_zone

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'        # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 10, 15, 30, 45)        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.parse('2007-02-10 15:30:45')          # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.at(1171139445)                        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.now                                   # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:07:55.754107581 EDT -04:00
Time.utc(2007, 2, 10, 20, 30, 45).in_time_zone  # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00

有关这些方法的更多文档,请参阅 TimeTimeZone

TimeWithZone 实例实现了与 Ruby Time 实例相同的 API,因此 TimeTimeWithZone 实例是可互换的。

t = Time.zone.now                     # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
t.hour                                # => 13
t.dst?                                # => true
t.utc_offset                          # => -14400
t.zone                                # => "EDT"
t.to_fs(:rfc822)                      # => "Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25 -0400"
t + 1.day                             # => Mon, 19 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
t.beginning_of_year                   # => Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t > Time.utc(1999)                    # => true
t.is_a?(Time)                         # => true
t.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)  # => true
方法
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常量

PRECISIONS = Hash.new { |h, n| h[n] = "%FT%T.%#{n}N" }
 
SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400
 

Attributes

[R] time_zone

类公共方法

new(utc_time, time_zone, local_time = nil, period = nil)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 51
def initialize(utc_time, time_zone, local_time = nil, period = nil)
  @time_zone, @time = time_zone, local_time
  if utc_time
    @utc = transfer_time_values_to_utc_constructor(utc_time)
    @period = period
  else
    @utc = nil
    @period = get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time(period)
  end
  @is_utc = zone == "UTC" || zone == "UCT"
end

实例公共方法

+(other)

将当前对象的时​​间增加一个时间间隔,并将其值作为新的 TimeWithZone 对象返回。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now + 1000          # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:43:08.725182881 EDT -04:00

如果我们添加一个可变长度的 Duration(即年、月、日),则从 time 向前移动,否则从 utc 向前移动,以在跨越夏令时边界时保持准确性。

例如,time + 24.hours 会精确前进 24 小时,而 time + 1.day 会根据具体日期前进 23-25 小时。

now + 24.hours      # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now + 1.day         # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
也别名为: since, in
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 310
def +(other)
  if duration_of_variable_length?(other)
    method_missing(:+, other)
  else
    result = utc + other

    result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

-(other)

减去一个时间间隔并返回一个新的 TimeWithZone 对象,除非另一个值 acts_like? time。在这种情况下,它将减去另一个时间并以秒为单位返回差值,类型为 Float

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now - 1000          # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00

如果我们减去一个可变长度的 Duration(即年、月、日),则从 time 向后移动,否则从 utc 向后移动,以在跨越夏令时边界时保持准确性。

例如,time - 24.hours 会精确减去 24 小时,而 time - 1.day 会根据具体日期减去 23-25 小时。

now - 24.hours      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now - 1.day         # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00

如果 TimeWithZone 对象和另一个值都像 Time 一样执行,则返回 Float

Time.zone.now - 1.day.ago # => 86399.999967
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 345
def -(other)
  if other.acts_like?(:time)
    getutc - other.getutc
  elsif duration_of_variable_length?(other)
    method_missing(:-, other)
  else
    result = utc - other
    result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

<=>(other)

使用 UTC 时间进行比较。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 243
def <=>(other)
  utc <=> other
end

acts_like_time?()

因此 self acts_like?(:time)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 502
def acts_like_time?
  true
end

advance(options)

使用 Date 根据 proleptic Gregorian calendar 提供精确的 Time 计算(年、月、日)。结果将作为新的 TimeWithZone 对象返回。

options 参数接受一个哈希,其中包含以下任何键: :years:months:weeks:days:hours:minutes:seconds

如果前进的值长度可变(即年、周、月、日),则从 time 向前移动,否则从 utc 向前移动,以在跨越夏令时边界时保持准确性。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(seconds: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:29.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(minutes: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:27:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(hours: 1)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(days: 1)    # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(weeks: 1)   # => Sun, 09 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(months: 1)  # => Tue, 02 Dec 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(years: 1)   # => Mon, 02 Nov 2015 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 434
def advance(options)
  # If we're advancing a value of variable length (i.e., years, weeks, months, days), advance from #time,
  # otherwise advance from #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
  if options.values_at(:years, :weeks, :months, :days).any?
    method_missing(:advance, options)
  else
    utc.advance(options).in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

ago(other)

从当前对象的时​​间减去一个时间间隔,并将其结果作为新的 TimeWithZone 对象返回。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now.ago(1000)       # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00

如果我们减去一个可变长度的 Duration(即年、月、日),则从 time 向后移动,否则从 utc 向后移动,以在跨越夏令时边界时保持准确性。

例如,time.ago(24.hours) 会精确回溯 24 小时,而 time.ago(1.day) 会根据具体日期回溯 23-25 小时。

now.ago(24.hours)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now.ago(1.day)      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 373
def ago(other)
  since(-other)
end

as_json(options = nil)

强制时间转换为字符串以进行 JSON 编码。默认格式为 ISO 8601。通过将 ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format 设置为 false,可以获得 %Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S +offset 样式的格式。

# With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = true
Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").as_json
# => "2005-02-01T05:15:10.000-10:00"

# With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = false
Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").as_json
# => "2005/02/01 05:15:10 -1000"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 178
def as_json(options = nil)
  if ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format
    xmlschema(ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.time_precision)
  else
    %(#{time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false)})
  end
end

between?(min, max)

如果当前对象的时​​间在指定的 minmax 时间范围内,则返回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 251
def between?(min, max)
  utc.between?(min, max)
end

blank?()

ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone 的实例永远不会为空。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 513
def blank?
  false
end

change(options)

返回一个新的 ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone,其中一个或多个元素已根据 options 参数进行了更改。时间选项(:hour:min:sec:usec:nsec)会级联重置,因此如果仅传递了小时,则分钟、秒、微秒和纳秒将设置为 0。如果传递了小时和分钟,则秒、微秒和纳秒设置为 0。options 参数接受一个哈希,其中包含以下任何键: :year:month:day:hour:min:sec:usec:nsec:offset:zone。同时传递 :usec:nsec,但不能两者都传递。同样,同时传递 :zone:offset,但不能两者都传递。

t = Time.zone.now          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
t.change(year: 2020)       # => Tue, 14 Apr 2020 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
t.change(hour: 12)         # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 12:00:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t.change(min: 30)          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:30:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t.change(offset: "-10:00") # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
t.change(zone: "Hawaii")   # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 394
def change(options)
  if options[:zone] && options[:offset]
    raise ArgumentError, "Can't change both :offset and :zone at the same time: #{options.inspect}"
  end

  new_time = time.change(options)

  if options[:zone]
    new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(options[:zone])
  elsif options[:offset]
    new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(new_time.utc_offset)
  end

  new_zone ||= time_zone
  periods = new_zone.periods_for_local(new_time)

  self.class.new(nil, new_zone, new_time, periods.include?(period) ? period : nil)
end

comparable_time()

别名: utc

dst?()

如果当前时间在指定时区的夏令时内,则返回 true。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'    # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.parse("2012-5-30").dst?           # => true
Time.zone.parse("2012-11-30").dst?          # => false
也别名为: isdst
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 100
def dst?
  period.dst?
end

eql?(other)

如果 other 等于当前对象,则返回 true

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 286
def eql?(other)
  other.eql?(utc)
end

formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)

返回 UTC 偏移量的格式化字符串,如果时区已经是 UTC,则返回替代字符串。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'   # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(true)       # => "-05:00"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(false)      # => "-0500"
Time.zone = 'UTC'                          # => "UTC"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(true, "0")  # => "0"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 131
def formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
  utc? && alternate_utc_string || TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(utc_offset, colon)
end

freeze()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 521
def freeze
  # preload instance variables before freezing
  period; utc; time; to_datetime; to_time
  super
end

future?()

如果当前对象的时间在未来,则返回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 281
def future?
  utc.future?
end

getgm()

别名: utc

getlocal(utc_offset = nil)

别名: localtime

getutc()

别名: utc

gmt?()

别名: utc?

gmt_offset()

别名: utc_offset

gmtime()

别名: utc

gmtoff()

别名: utc_offset

hash()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 290
def hash
  utc.hash
end

httpdate()

以 HTTP 请求中使用的格式返回对象的日期和时间字符串。

Time.zone.now.httpdate  # => "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:39:43 GMT"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 198
def httpdate
  utc.httpdate
end

in(other)

别名: +

in_time_zone(new_zone = ::Time.zone)

返回 Time.zone 中的同一时间,或者指定的时区中的同一时间。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 83
def in_time_zone(new_zone = ::Time.zone)
  return self if time_zone == new_zone
  utc.in_time_zone(new_zone)
end

inspect()

返回对象的日期、时间、时区和与 UTC 的偏移量字符串。

Time.zone.now.inspect # => "2024-11-13 07:00:10.528054960 UTC +00:00"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 146
def inspect
  "#{time.strftime('%F %H:%M:%S.%9N')} #{zone} #{formatted_offset}"
end

is_a?(klass)

假装我们是 Time 来阻止类型检查。

也别名为: kind_of?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 507
def is_a?(klass)
  klass == ::Time || super
end

isdst()

别名: dst?

iso8601(fraction_digits = 0)

别名: xmlschema

kind_of?(klass)

别名: is_a?

localtime(utc_offset = nil)

返回系统时区中同一时间的 Time 实例。

也别名为: getlocal
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 89
def localtime(utc_offset = nil)
  utc.getlocal(utc_offset)
end

marshal_dump()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 527
def marshal_dump
  [utc, time_zone.name, time]
end

marshal_load(variables)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 531
def marshal_load(variables)
  initialize(variables[0].utc, ::Time.find_zone(variables[1]), variables[2].utc)
end

method_missing(...)

将缺失的方法发送给 time 实例,并将结果包装在一个新的 TimeWithZone 中,并使用现有的 time_zone

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 551
def method_missing(...)
  wrap_with_time_zone time.__send__(...)
rescue NoMethodError => e
  raise e, e.message.sub(time.inspect, inspect).sub("Time", "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"), e.backtrace
end

next_day?()

别名: tomorrow?

past?()

如果当前对象的时间在过去,则返回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 256
def past?
  utc.past?
end

period()

返回底层的 TZInfo::TimezonePeriod

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 78
def period
  @period ||= time_zone.period_for_utc(@utc)
end

prev_day?()

别名: yesterday?

respond_to?(sym, include_priv = false)

在类型转换使用 Kernel#String 等情况下,不会调用 respond_to_missing?

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 537
def respond_to?(sym, include_priv = false)
  # ensure that we're not going to throw and rescue from NoMethodError in method_missing which is slow
  return false if sym.to_sym == :to_str
  super
end

respond_to_missing?(sym, include_priv)

确保代理类能够响应底层时间实例所响应的所有方法。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 545
def respond_to_missing?(sym, include_priv)
  time.respond_to?(sym, include_priv)
end

rfc2822()

以 RFC 2822 标准格式返回对象的日期和时间字符串。

Time.zone.now.rfc2822  # => "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:51:39 +0000"
也别名为: rfc822
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 206
def rfc2822
  to_fs(:rfc822)
end

rfc3339(fraction_digits = 0)

别名: xmlschema

rfc822()

别名: rfc2822

since(other)

别名: +

strftime(format)

在传递给 Time#strftime 之前,将 %Z 指令替换为 +zone,以确保时区信息的正确性。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 237
def strftime(format)
  format = format.gsub(/((?:\A|[^%])(?:%%)*)%Z/, "\\1#{zone}")
  getlocal(utc_offset).strftime(format)
end

time()

返回一个 Time 实例,该实例表示 time_zone 中的时间。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 64
def time
  @time ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@utc, utc_offset)
end

to_a()

返回 Time 的部分组成的 Array,顺序为 [秒, 分, 时, 日, 月, 年, 星期几, 年中的第几天, 是否夏令时, 时区]。

now = Time.zone.now     # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:29:27.485278555 UTC +00:00
now.to_a                # => [27, 29, 2, 18, 8, 2015, 2, 230, false, "UTC"]
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 457
def to_a
  [time.sec, time.min, time.hour, time.day, time.mon, time.year, time.wday, time.yday, dst?, zone]
end

to_datetime()

返回一个带有该时区 UTC 偏移量的 DateTime 实例。

Time.zone.now.to_datetime                         # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:32:20 +0000
Time.current.in_time_zone('Hawaii').to_datetime   # => Mon, 17 Aug 2015 16:32:20 -1000
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 490
def to_datetime
  @to_datetime ||= utc.to_datetime.new_offset(Rational(utc_offset, 86_400))
end

to_f()

以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以来的秒数作为浮点数返回对象的日期和时间。

Time.zone.now.to_f # => 1417709320.285418
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 465
def to_f
  utc.to_f
end

to_formatted_s(format = :default)

别名: to_fs

to_fs(format = :default)

以日期和时间字符串形式返回对象。

此方法已别名为 to_formatted_s

接受可选的 format 参数

  • :default - 默认值,模仿 Ruby Time#to_s 格式。

  • :db - 格式化时间为 UTC :db 时间。请参阅 Time#to_fs(:db)。

  • 可以使用 Time::DATE_FORMATS 中的任何键。请参阅 active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb。

也别名为: to_formatted_s
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 224
def to_fs(format = :default)
  if format == :db
    utc.to_fs(format)
  elsif formatter = ::Time::DATE_FORMATS[format]
    formatter.respond_to?(:call) ? formatter.call(self).to_s : strftime(formatter)
  else
    to_s
  end
end

to_i()

以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以来的秒数作为整数返回对象的日期和时间。

Time.zone.now.to_i # => 1417709320
也别名为: tv_sec
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 473
def to_i
  utc.to_i
end

to_r()

以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以来的秒数作为有理数返回对象的日期和时间。

Time.zone.now.to_r # => (708854548642709/500000)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 482
def to_r
  utc.to_r
end

to_s()

以日期和时间字符串形式返回对象。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 212
def to_s
  "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}" # mimicking Ruby Time#to_s format
end

to_time()

返回一个 Time 实例,该实例具有与 self 相同的时区,或者具有与 self 相同的 UTC 偏移量,或者根据 ActiveSupport.to_time_preserves_timezone 的设置位于本地系统时区。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 497
def to_time
  @to_time_with_timezone ||= getlocal(time_zone)
end

today?()

如果当前对象的时间落在当前日期内,则返回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 262
def today?
  time.today?
end

tomorrow?()

如果当前对象的时间落在明天(第二天),则返回 true。

也别名为: next_day?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 268
def tomorrow?
  time.tomorrow?
end

tv_sec()

别名: to_i

utc()

返回 UTC 时区中同一时间的 Time 实例。

也别名为: comparable_time, getgm, getutc, gmtime
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 69
def utc
  @utc ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@time, -utc_offset)
end

utc?()

如果当前时区设置为 UTC,则返回 true。

Time.zone = 'UTC'                           # => 'UTC'
Time.zone.now.utc?                          # => true
Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'    # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.now.utc?                          # => false
也别名为: gmt?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 111
def utc?
  @is_utc
end

utc_offset()

返回当前时间到 UTC 时间的偏移量(以秒为单位)。

也别名为: gmt_offset, gmtoff
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 117
def utc_offset
  period.observed_utc_offset
end

xmlschema(fraction_digits = 0)

以 ISO 8601 标准格式返回对象的日期和时间字符串。

Time.zone.now.xmlschema  # => "2014-12-04T11:02:37-05:00"
也别名为: iso8601, rfc3339
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 154
def xmlschema(fraction_digits = 0)
  if @is_utc
    utc.iso8601(fraction_digits || 0)
  else
    str = time.iso8601(fraction_digits || 0)
    str[-1] = formatted_offset(true, "Z")
    str
  end
end

yesterday?()

如果当前对象的时间落在昨天(前一天),则返回 true。

也别名为: prev_day?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 275
def yesterday?
  time.yesterday?
end

zone()

返回时区缩写。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'   # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now.zone # => "EST"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 139
def zone
  period.abbreviation
end